Discover how closed loop MRP systems optimize production planning and inventory control through dynamic feedback, enhancing ...

People with type 1 diabetes require continuous insulin treatment and must regularly measure their glucose levels. With open-loop therapies, insulin administration is manually controlled, while hybrid ...

Self-regulating systems with feedback loops, i.e., the routing back of the output of a system to its input, have existed since antiquity and have since become an integral part of modern technology.

Payments ecosystems are often categorized as either closed-loop or open-loop systems, each with distinct advantages and limitations. Closed-loop systems, such as single-provider mobile wallets like ...

Closed-loop control systems of insulin delivery may improve glycemic outcomes in young children with type 1 diabetes. The efficacy and safety of initiating a closed-loop system virtually are unclear.